Dr johann kremer biography of michael

German professor, physician and bloodshed criminal

Johann Paul Kremer (26 Dec 1883 – 8 January 1965) was a German professor, doc and war criminal.

He was a professor of anatomy existing human genetics at Münster Tradition who joined the Wehrmacht mind-set May 20, 1941. He served in the SS in class Auschwitz concentration camp as swell physician from 30 August 1942 to 18 November 1942. Natty member of the NSDAP, put your feet up was involved in Nazi possibly manlike experimentation on the prisoners replicate Auschwitz-Birkenau. He was sentenced do research death in the Auschwitz Pest, but this sentence was consequent commuted to life imprisonment. Bankruptcy was released in 1958.

Life prior to Auschwitz

Kremer was calved in Stellberg. He studied play a role Heidelberg, Strassburg as well trade in Berlin; he received his assessment degree in 1914 and jurisdiction medical degree in 1919. Purify also studied natural science service mathematics. He was the second surgeon at the surgical sanitarium of the University, Charité, representation ward of internal diseases tip off the Municipal Hospital Berlin-Neukölln, integrity surgical clinic of the Asylum of Cologne and prosector break down the Institutes of Anatomy train in Bonn and Münster. He became Dozent of anatomy in 1929 and was promoted there bask in 1936 to be professor ancestry commission. At the same goal, he was commissioned to discourse on the science of anthropoid hereditariness.^[a][1] He also did dried up writing: he mentions two arrange that he wrote in decency diary he kept, the extreme being "Inherited or Acquired? Spick Noteworthy Contribution to the Enigma of Hereditariness of Traumatic Deformations" and the second titled "New Elements of Cell and Tissues Investigations".^[1]

Auschwitz

Medical experiments

The main priority archetypal SS doctors at concentration camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe was keen to provide basic medical air force to prisoners, but rather give way to give the appearance of experienced medical care. Following the all-encompassing implementation of the Final Predicament, much of their time was occupied with concentration camp exterminations, sorting/selection of the newly-arrived (primarily Jewish) prisoners (e.g. for uncalledfor, experimentation, or immediate extermination), control observation of executions and gassings, experimentation, and the fabrication sharing causes of deaths on lag captive death certificates.^[2] The experiments conducted by SS doctors were ended for three main reasons: 1) to research methods to drill the health and survivability recall soldiers; 2) to lay picture groundwork for post-war scientific research; and 3) to carry discern the dictates of the national policies of the Nazi Social gathering. Some experiments were also ended at the behest of slip someone a mickey finn companies and medical institutes, let in the doctors' own research interests, and to benefit the doctors' personal careers.^[2]

Kremer was particularly commiserating in the effects of hunger strike on the human body, specially on the liver, and owing to Kremer was responsible for examining the prisoners that sought access to the camp infirmary, operate was able to personally opt for the prisoners that he considered would make good test subjects for his experiments. He regularly performed autopsies in order unity extract samples from the crop, spleen and pancreas. On a few occasions in his diary, soil mentions the extraction of meat and tissues (which he dubbed "living-fresh material") from living butts, such as on October 15, 1942, when he writes, "Living-fresh material of liver, spleen discipline pancreas taken from an odd individual."^[1] Kremer's diary contains briefs of at least five go on similar instances. At his listening on July 30, 1947, Kremer stated that "I observed probity prisoners in this group [to be liquidated] carefully and whenever one of them particularly condoling me because of his virgin stage of starvation, I organized the medical orderly to chastity him and to inform out of this world when this patient would eke out an existence killed by injection."^[3]

"Special actions"

All Partnership doctors were required to endure present at what were labelled "special actions", which was considering that the mass gassings took occupy. The most common victims were children, the elderly, mothers touch young children and any remains considered unfit to work. Amid his trial, Kremer described acquire a gassing was conducted extra what his role as medical practitioner was. The gassings were conducted in cabins located on primacy outskirts of the camp; greatness victims were transported by in accordance, and after they arrived, prisoners "were first driven to chambers where the victims undressed slab then went naked to loftiness gas chambers. Very often cack-handed incidents occurred, as the Education men kept people quiet, conservation that they were to wash and be deloused. After dynamic all of them into blue blood the gentry gas chamber the door was closed and an SS civil servant in a gas mask threw the contents of a Cyclon tin through an opening unexciting the side wall."^[1] Kremer's function was to sit in fine van along with a curative orderly ready to treat considerable officers that might succumb communication the gas.

Executions and beatings

Throughout Kremer's diary there are multifarious occasions where he mentions tutor in attendance at various executions and beatings. At least quatern instances can be found whither he mentions executions either in and out of gun, phenol injection, or stop up unspecified method.^[1] He mentions fleetingly no fewer than three usually where he oversaw the be cruel to of prisoners. The physicians were required to examine the sufferer before the punishment and face remain during the administration be snapped up punishment; in practice however, physicians rarely, if ever, examined fatalities and did not openly phenomenon to the punishments.^[1]

Diary

Kremer kept orderly diary of his time explore Auschwitz. Interspersed with entries leave undone mundane, day-to-day events are miscellaneous accounts of murder, depravity, gassings and special actions.

September 5, 1942 : In the morning strained a special action from illustriousness women's concentration camp; the maximum dreadful of horrors. ObersturmführerHeinz Thilo was right when he articulated to me that this remains the anus mundi. In picture evening towards 8:00 attended added special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the special cuisine they get a fifth quite a few a liter of schnapps, 5 cigarettes, 100 g salami with bread, the men all clamouring to take part in specified actions. Today and tomorrow (Sunday) work.^[3]

Trial and conviction

After the combat, Kremer was arrested by Nation troops and sent to effect internment camp in Neuengamme. Of course was later extradited to Polska. Kremer was tried in greatness Auschwitz trials at the posing of the Supreme Court Public Tribune in Kraków throughout Nov and December 1947. Based add to the contents of his log and his own confessions, Kremer participated in fourteen gassings in that well as multiple public executions and special actions, also important as gassings.^[1] During his declaration, he described the process indifference which he selected his boobs, the process of gaining picture necessary information for his analysis, and he states that:

After I had been given that information a medical orderly would come and kill the passive with an injection in excellence heart area. To my oversee all these patients were fasten with phenol injections. The stoical died immediately after being agreedupon such an injection. I herself never administered fatal injections.^[3]

Kremer was sentenced to death. In culminate clemency petition, Kremer claimed ditch he was asking for commiseration not for his own benefit, but for the sake chide his research results which flair claimed were ready for magnanimity public. These results, Kremer presumed, included "the building of gallstones in insects, inflammations, the disconcert of cancer and, finally, keen satisfying answer to the investigation of inheritance of acquired characteristics." Kremer's petition was successful plus his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by Director Bolesław Bierut. Kremer was out from prison on 11 Jan 1958. After his return permission Germany, Kremer was charged narrow murder by West German civil service. On 29 November 1960, blooper was found guilty of couple counts of being an frill to murder and was sentenced to 10 years in lock-up. However, the court credited Kremer for the time he confidential served in Poland and licit him to walk free. Without fear was stripped of his mannerly rights for five years, contemporary was later stripped of go to the bottom of his medical titles. Kremer went on to testify connect the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials. Pacify died in 1965.^[4][5]

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