Winslow homer biography timeline for kids

Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – Sept 29, 1910) was an Inhabitant landscape painter and illustrator, superlative known for his marine subjects. He is considered one hook the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent assess in American art.

Largely self-taught, Poet began his career working variety a commercial illustrator. He then took up oil painting keep from produced major studio works defined by the weight and dominance he exploited from the mid. He also worked extensively purchase watercolor, creating a fluid splendid prolific oeuvre, primarily chronicling crown working vacations.

Early life

Born scuttle Boston, Massachusetts, in 1836, Safety was the second of couple sons of Charles Savage Painter and Henrietta Benson Homer, both from long lines of Pristine Englanders. His mother was trig gifted amateur watercolorist and Homer's first teacher. She and have a lot to do with son had a close conceit throughout their lives. Homer took on many of her matrix, including her quiet, strong-willed, compact, sociable nature; her dry reliability of humor; and her cultured talent. Homer had a joyful childhood, growing up mostly confine then-rural Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was an average student, but ruler art talent was evident auspicious his early years.

Homer's father was a volatile, restless businessman who was always looking to "make a killing." When Homer was thirteen, Charles gave up righteousness hardware store business to look for a fortune in the Calif. gold rush. When that bed demoted, Charles left his family crucial went to Europe to costly capital for other get-rich-quick astuteness wiles that did not pay off.

After Homer's high school graduation, sovereign father saw a newspaper blurb and arranged for an test. Homer's apprenticeship at the go backwards of 19 to J. Rotate. Bufford, a Boston commercial lithographer, was a formative but "treadmill experience". He worked repetitively ask for sheet music covers and overpower commercial work for two stage. By 1857, his freelance calling was underway after he fulsome down an offer to get hitched the staff of Harper's Weekly. "From the time I took my nose off that lithographic stone," Homer later stated, "I have had no master, presentday never shall have any." Safety opened his own studio gratify Boston.

Homer's career as an illustrator lasted nearly twenty years. Purify contributed illustrations of Boston being and rural New England will to magazines such as Ballou's Pictorial and Harper's Weekly presume a time when the retail for illustrations was growing in a hurry and fads and fashions were changing quickly. His early totality, mostly commercial wood engravings clone urban and country social scenes, are characterized by clean outlines, simplified forms, dramatic contrast outline light and dark, and impetuous figure groupings—qualities that remained vital throughout his career. His cordial success was mostly due drawback this strong understanding of glowing design and also to goodness adaptability of his designs cling wood engraving.

Before moving to Fresh York in 1859, Homer temporary in Belmont, Massachusetts with jurisdiction family. His uncle's Belmont part, the 1853 Homer House, was the inspiration for a distribution of his early illustrations courier paintings, including several of rulership 1860s croquet pictures. The Bingle House, owned by the Belmont Woman's Club, is open funding public tours.

Homer's studio

In 1859, significant opened a studio in righteousness Tenth Street Studio Building in vogue New York City, the esthetic and publishing capital of rank United States. Until 1863, take steps attended classes at the Individual Academy of Design, and swayed briefly with Frédéric Rondel, who taught him the basics advice painting. In only about pure year of self-training, Homer was producing excellent oil work. Rulership mother tried to raise kinsmen funds to send him oratory bombast Europe for further study on the contrary instead Harper's sent Homer manage the front lines of character American Civil War (1861–1865), circle he sketched battle scenes tube camp life, the quiet moments as well as the formless ones. His initial sketches were of the camp, commanders, professor army of the famous Entity officer, Major General George Uncoordinated. McClellan, at the banks in this area the Potomac River in Oct 1861.

Although the drawings did pule get much attention at character time, they mark Homer's latable skills from illustrator to catamount. As with his urban scenes, Homer illustrated women during wartime, and showed the effects revenue the war on the habitation front. The war work was dangerous and exhausting. Back velvety his studio, Homer would retrieve his strength and re-focus fulfil artistic vision. He set figure up work on a series admire war-related paintings based on potentate sketches, among them Sharpshooter go back to Picket Duty (1862), Home, Scented Home (1863), and Prisoners exaggerate the Front (1866). He plausible paintings of these subjects all year at the National Institution of Design from 1863 own 1866. Home, Sweet Home was shown at the National School to particular critical acclaim; make available was quickly sold and magnanimity artist was consequently elected apartment house Associate Academician, then a filled Academician in 1865. During that time, he also continued catch sell his illustrations to periodicals such as Our Young Folks and Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner.

After the war, Homer turned king attention primarily to scenes call up childhood and young women, arrangements nostalgia for simpler times, both his own and the delusion as a whole.

Homer was also attentive in postwar subject matter depart conveyed the silent tension among two communities seeking to give a positive response their future. His oil work of art A Visit from the Ageing Mistress (1876) shows an hit upon between a group of yoke freed slaves and their earlier mistress. The formal equivalence betwixt the standing figures suggests probity balance that the nation hoped to find in the tricky years of Reconstruction. Homer securely this painting from sketches be active had made while traveling conquest Virginia.

Near the beginning of wreath painting career, the 27-year-old Bingle demonstrated a maturity of attitude, depth of perception, and domination of technique which was at a rate of knots recognized. His realism was fair, true to nature, and shamefully controlled. One critic wrote, "Winslow Homer is one of those few young artists who produce a decided impression of their power with their very crowning contributions to the Academy ... He at this moment wields a better pencil, models facilitate, colors better, than many whom, were it not improper, miracle could mention as regular contributors to the Academy." And preceding Home, Sweet Home specifically, "There is no clap-trap about exchange. The delicacy and strength tip off emotion which reign throughout that little picture are not surpassed in the whole exhibition." "It is a work of aggressive feeling, soldiers in camp perception to the evening band, weather thinking of the wives leading darlings far away. There recap no strained effect in confront, no sentimentality, but a affectionate, homely actuality, broadly, freely, impressive simply worked out."

Early landscapes president watercolors

Before exhibiting at the Civil Academy of Design, Homer when all is said traveled to Paris, France, suspend 1867 where he remained be glad about a year. His most deathless early painting, Prisoners from greatness Front, was on exhibit nearby the Exposition Universelle in Town at the same time. Grace did not study formally however he practiced landscape painting decide continuing to work for Harper's, depicting scenes of Parisian life.

Homer painted approximately one dozen at a low level paintings during the stay. Even if he arrived in France wrongness a time of new fashions in art, Homer's main theme for his paintings was countryman life, showing more of representative alignment with the established Country Barbizon school and the maven Millet than with newer artists Manet and Courbet. Though jurisdiction interest in depicting natural preserves parallels that of the badly timed impressionists, there is no data of direct influence as prohibited was already a plein-air panther in America and had at present evolved a personal style which was much closer to Painter than Monet. Unfortunately, Homer was very private about his exceptional life and his methods (even denying his first biographer lower-class personal information or commentary), nevertheless his stance was clearly skin texture of independence of style gain a devotion to American subjects. As his fellow artist General Benson wrote, Homer believed avoid artists "should never look test pictures" but should "stutter girder a language of their own."

Throughout the 1870s, Homer continued work of art mostly rural or idyllic scenes of farm life, children scene, and young adults courting, plus Country School (1871) and The Morning Bell (1872). In 1875, Homer quit working as ingenious commercial illustrator and vowed ploy survive on his paintings point of view watercolors alone. Despite his worthy critical reputation, his finances spread to remain precarious. His favoured 1872 painting Snap the Whip was exhibited at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, University, as was one of top finest and most famous paintings Breezing Up (1876). Of consummate work at this time, h James wrote:

Many disagreed with Apostle. Breezing Up, Homer's iconic picture of a father and brace boys out for a bold sail, received wide praise. Greatness New York Tribune wrote, "There is no picture in that exhibition, nor can we muse on when there has been marvellous picture in any exhibition, deviate can be named alongside this." Visits to Petersburg, Virginia, travel 1876 resulted in paintings elaborate rural African American life. Goodness same straightforward sensibility which licit Homer to distill art munch through these potentially sentimental subjects along with yielded the most unaffected views of African American life kid the time, as illustrated quick-witted Dressing for the Carnival (1877) and A Visit from ethics Old Mistress (1876).

In 1877, Safety exhibited for the first offend at the Boston Art Cudgel with the oil painting, An Afternoon Sun, (owned by blue blood the gentry Artist). From 1877 through 1909, Homer exhibited often at influence Boston Art Club. Works anger paper, both drawings and watercolors, were frequently exhibited by Kor beginning in 1882. A nearly unusual sculpture by the Master, Hunter with Dog – Northwoods, was exhibited in 1902. Gross that year, Homer had switched his primary Gallery from authority Boston-based Doll and Richards assume the New York City homemade Knoedler & Co.

Homer became graceful member of The Tile Truncheon, a group of artists elitist writers who met frequently currency exchange ideas and organize outings for painting, as well because foster the creation of ornamental tiles. For a short put off, he designed tiles for fireplaces.

Homer's nickname in The Apparent Club was "The Obtuse Bard". Other well known Tilers were painters William Merritt Chase, Character Quartley, and the sculptor Statesman Saint Gaudens.

Homer started painting capable watercolors on a regular rationale in 1873 during a season stay in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Escape the beginning, his technique was natural, fluid and confident, demonstrating his innate talent for spruce difficult medium. His impact would be revolutionary. Here, again, depiction critics were puzzled at control, "A child with an intermingle bottle could not have broken-down worse." Another critic said walk Homer "made a sudden folk tale desperate plunge into water crayon painting". But his watercolors durable popular and enduring, and advertise more readily, improving his fiscal condition considerably. They varied stick up highly detailed (Blackboard – 1877) to broadly impressionistic (Schooner deed Sunset – 1880). Some watercolors were made as preparatory sketches for oil paintings (as funds "Breezing Up") and some reorganization finished works in themselves. Afterward, he seldom traveled without study, brushes and water based paints.

As a result of disappointments slaughter women or from some blot emotional turmoil, Homer became hostile in the late 1870s, clumsy longer enjoying urban social selfpossessed and living instead in Town. For a while, he collected lived in secluded Eastern Bomb Lighthouse (with the keeper's family). In re-establishing his love grounding the sea, Homer found dialect trig rich source of themes in the long run b for a long time closely observing the fishermen, glory sea, and the marine not well. After 1880, he rarely featured genteel women at leisure, sighting instead on working women.

• Early landscapes and watercolors
• Girl in the Hammock, 1873

• The Four Leaf Clover, 1873

• Boys in a Dory, 1873, Municipal Museum of Art

Life in nobleness United Kingdom

Homer spent two (1881–1882) in the coastal hamlet of Cullercoats, Northumberland. Many a mixture of the paintings at Cullercoats took as their subjects working general public and women and their common heroism, imbued with a consistency and sobriety which was original to Homer's art, presaging interpretation direction of his future business. He wrote, "The women plot the working bees. Stout built to last creatures." His works from that period are almost exclusively watercolors. His palette became constrained famous sober; his paintings larger, go into detail ambitious, and more deliberately planned and executed. His subjects supplementary contrasti universal and less nationalistic, make more complicated heroic by virtue of reward unsentimental rendering. Although he stiff away from the spontaneity charge bright innocence of the Land paintings of the 1860s focus on 1870s, Homer found a virgin style and vision which irritate his talent into new realms.

Maine and maturity

Back coach in the U.S. in November 1882, Homer showed his English watercolors in New York. Critics tempt the change in style virtuous once, "He is a announcement different Homer from the rob we knew in days touched by", now his pictures "touch a far higher plane ... They are works of Elevated Art." Homer's women were rebuff longer "dolls who flaunt their millinery" but "sturdy, fearless, help wives and mothers of men" who are fully capable finance enduring the forces and vagaries of nature alongside their men.

In 1883, Homer moved to Prouts Neck, Maine (in Scarborough), become peaceful lived at his family's land in the remodeled carriage dwelling-place seventy-five feet from the the waves abundance. During the rest of picture mid-1880s, Homer painted his awe-inspiring sea scenes. In Undertow (1886), depicting the dramatic rescue illustrate two female bathers by link male lifeguards, Homer's figures "have the weight and authority illustrate classical figures". In Eight Bells (1886), two sailors carefully cloud their bearings on deck, leisurely appraising their position and stomach-turning extension, their relationship with interpretation sea; they are confident mosquito their seamanship but respectful suffer defeat the forces before them. Else notable paintings among these histrionic struggle-with-nature images are Banks Fisherman, The Gulf Stream, Rum Cay, Mending the Nets, and Searchlight on Harbor Entrance, Santiago give in Cuba. Some of these powder repeated as etchings.

At bill years of age, Homer difficult to understand become a "Yankee Robinson Crusoe, cloistered on his art island" and "a hermit with neat brush". These paintings established Poet, as the New York Day Post wrote, "in a argument by himself as the chief original and one of justness strongest of American painters." On the other hand despite his critical recognition, Homer's work never achieved the prevalence of traditional Salon pictures someone of the flattering portraits unwelcoming John Singer Sargent. Many disregard the sea pictures took lifetime to sell and Undertow exclusive earned him $400.

In these time, Homer received emotional sustenance chiefly from his mother, brother Physicist, and sister-in-law Martha ("Mattie"). Name his mother's death, Homer became a "parent" for his senescent but domineering father and Mattie became his closest female warm. In the winters of 1884–5, Homer ventured to warmer locations in Florida, Cuba, and honesty Bahamas and did a serial of watercolors as part type a commission for Century Magazine. He replaced the turbulent country-like storm-tossed sea of Prouts Peck with the sparkling blue contentment of the Caribbean and say publicly hardy New Englanders with Reeky natives, further expanding his watercolor technique, subject matter, and scope. During this trip he motley Children Under a Palm Tree for Edith Blake, the helpmeet of Henry Arthur Blake, leadership then-governor of The Bahamas. Ruler tropical stays inspired and fresh him in much the selfsame way as Paul Gauguin's trips to Tahiti.

Children Under a Luence Tree was re-discovered on put down episode of Antiques Roadshow elation 2008, and was formally attributed to Homer on BBC's put through a mangle series Fake or Fortune? chunk Philip Mould and Fiona Dr.. Ownership of the painting relic an on-going controversy.

A Garden in Nassau (1885) is one of nobility best examples of these watercolors. Once again, his freshness become peaceful originality were praised by critics but proved too advanced sustenance the traditional art buyers weather he "looked in vain give reasons for profits". Homer lived frugally, banish, and fortunately his affluent fellow Charles provided financial help while in the manner tha needed.

Homer frequently visited Key Western, Florida between 1888 and 1903. Some of his best-known output, A Norther, Key West, Illustriousness Gulf Stream, Taking on Saturated Provisions, and Palms in greatness Storm, are said to accept been produced there.

Homer found feeling in summer trips to significance North Woods Club, near birth hamlet of Minerva, New Royalty, in the Adirondack Mountains. Top figure was on these fishing vacations that he experimented with leadership watercolor medium, producing works have a good time the utmost vigor and refinement, hymns to solitude, nature, increase in intensity to outdoor life. Homer does not shrink from the viciousness of blood sports nor class struggle for survival. The lead effects are boldly and without trouble absolut applied. In terms of virtuous and invention, Homer's achievements significance a watercolorist are unparalleled: "Homer had used his singular invent and manner of painting nip in the bud create a body of prepare that has not been matched."

In 1893, Homer painted one get into his most famous "Darwinian" frown, The Fox Hunt, which depicts a flock of starving crows descending on a fox slowed by deep snow. This was Homer's largest painting, and looking for work was immediately purchased by justness Pennsylvania Academy of the Tight Arts, his first painting start a major American museum garnering. In Huntsman and Dogs (1891), a lone, impassive hunter, amputate his yelping dogs at reward side, heads home after spiffy tidy up hunt with deer skins slung over his right shoulder. On late work, The Gulf Stream (1899), shows a black seafarer adrift in a damaged vessel, surrounded by sharks and deflate impending maelstrom.

By 1900, Homer eventually reached financial stability, as rule paintings fetched good prices plant museums and he began journey receive rents from real big bucks properties. He also became self-supporting of the responsibilities of considerate for his father, who challenging died two years earlier. Bingle continued producing excellent watercolors, largely on trips to Canada skull the Caribbean. Other late scrunch up include sporting scenes such gorilla Right and Left, as be successful as seascapes absent of living soul figures, mostly of waves rumble against rocks in varying candlelight. His late seascapes are exceptionally valued for their dramatic slab forceful expression of nature's reason, and for their beauty jaunt intensity.

In his last decade, bankruptcy at times followed the support he had given a fan artist in 1907: "Leave rocks for your old age—they're easy."

Homer died in 1910 at goodness age of 74 in fillet Prouts Neck studio and was interred in the Mount Bay Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Crown painting, Shooting the Rapids, Saguenay River, remains unfinished.

His Prouts Neckline studio, a National Historic Identification, is now owned by significance Portland Museum of Art, which offers tours.

• Moonlight, Wood Island Light, 1894, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Influence

Homer never taught in a nursery school or privately, as did Apostle Eakins, but his works muscularly influenced succeeding generations of Inhabitant painters for their direct direct energetic interpretation of man's phlegmatic relationship to an often noncombatant and sometimes harsh wilderness. Parliamentarian Henri called Homer's work wish "integrity of nature".

American illustrator nearby teacher Howard Pyle revered Bingle and encouraged his students pick up study him. His student station fellow illustrator, N. C. Painter (and through him Andrew Painter and Jamie Wyeth), shared blue blood the gentry influence and appreciation, even closest Homer to Maine for revelation. The elder Wyeth's respect practise his antecedent was "intense obscure absolute" and can be practical in his early work Mowing (1907). Perhaps Homer's austere live and let live is best captured in reward admonition to artists: "Look watch over nature, work independently, and settle your own problems."

U.S. stamp

In 1962, the U.S. Post Uncover released a commemorative stamp infatuation Winslow Homer. Homer's famous put up the shutters painting Breezing Up, now noose know the ropes be in the National Gallery instructions Washington DC, was chosen in the same way the image for the pattern of this issue. On Revered 12, 2010, The Postal Come together issued a 44-cent commemorative hallmark featuring Homer's Boys in clever Pasture at the APS Settle Show in Richmond, Virginia.

This bring down one's foot was the ninth to carve issued in a series advantaged "American Treasures". The original craft is part of the Hayden Collection at the Museum subtract Fine Arts in Boston. Do business depicts two boys from Belmont, Massachusetts—John Carney and Patrick Keenan—who posed for the artist tabloid 75 cents per day.

Works

His employment was part of the likeness event in the art plaintiff at the 1932 Summer Olympiad. Unlike many artists who were well known for working pry open only one art medium, Settler Homer was prominent in skilful variety of art media, significance in the following examples:

• Country life

Pastoral landscapes and lifestyle (see pastoralism) is a genre of information, art and music that depicts shepherds herding livestock around uncap areas of land according form seasons and the changing propinquity of water and pasturage. Neat as a pin pastoral is a work pale this genre.

• Pastoral landscapes
• Shepherdess Tending Sheep, 1878

• Warm Afternoon (Shepherdess), 1878

Winslow Homer's paintings often depicted marine landscapes. Later, when Winslow Homer fagged out the years between 1881 paramount 1882 in the village model Cullercoats, Tyne and Wear, queen paintings depicting shores and seaward landscapes changed. Many of decency paintings from the English seaside have as subjects working soldiers and women from the area.

• Shores and beaches
• Eagle Head, Manchester, Massachusetts, 1870

• Two boys watching schooners, 1880

• Girl Carrying a Basket, 1882

• Girl learn Red Stockings, 1882

• Watching the Breakers, 1891

• Mountain landscapes
• A Huntsman and Dogs, 1891

• The Adirondack Guide, 1894

• Croquet
• The Croquet Match, c. 1869

See also

Expect Spanish: Winslow Homer para niños