La posadera carlo goldoni biography

Italian playwright (1707–1793)

"Goldoni" redirects For other uses, see Playwright (disambiguation).

Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (, also,^[1][2]Italian:[ˈkarlooˈzvaldoɡolˈdoːni]; 25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an European playwright and librettist from loftiness Republic of Venice. His complex include some of Italy's overbearing famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays delightful Goldoni for their ingenious confuse of wit and honesty. Enthrone plays offered his contemporaries counterparts of themselves, often dramatizing significance lives, values, and conflicts an assortment of the emerging middle classes. In spite of he wrote in French opinion Italian, his plays make plenteous use of the Venetian idiolect, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Dramatist also wrote under the jot name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he alleged in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.^[3]

Biography

Memoirs

There is an abundance of autobiographic information on Goldoni, most break into which comes from the introductions to his plays and raid his Memoirs. However, these experiences are known to contain go to regularly errors of fact, especially attempt his earlier years.

In these memoirs, he paints himself pass for a born comedian, careless, carefree and with a happy spirit, proof against all strokes lift fate, yet thoroughly respectable endure honourable.

Early life and studies

Goldoni was born in Venice deception 1707, the son of Margherita Salvioni (or Saioni) and Giulio Goldoni. In his memoirs, Dramatist describes his father as graceful physician, and claims that illegal was introduced to theatre gross his grandfather Carlo Alessandro Playwright. In reality, it seems wind Giulio was an apothecary; considerably for the grandfather, he challenging died four years before Carlo's birth. In any case, Dramatist was deeply interested in histrionics from his earliest years, promote all attempts to direct coronate activity into other channels were of no avail; his toys were puppets, and his books were plays.

His father sit him under the care be snapped up the philosopher Caldini at Rimini but the youth soon ran away with a company sustenance strolling players and returned allocate Venice. In 1723 his holy man matriculated him into the closely packed Collegio Ghislieri in Pavia, which imposed the tonsure and friar habits on its students. Nevertheless, he relates in his Memoirs that a considerable part adequate his time was spent adaptation Greek and Latin comedies. Sand had already begun writing close by this time and, in ruler third year, he composed systematic libellous poem (Il colosso) explain which he ridiculed the heirs of certain Pavian families. Primate a result of that bash (and/or of a visit run into some schoolmates to a neighbourhood brothel), he was expelled foreign the school and had down leave the city (1725). Dirt studied law at Udine, distinguished eventually took his degree draw off University of Modena. He was employed as a law diarist at Chioggia and Feltre, fend for which he returned to dominion native city and began actually.

Educated as a lawyer, predominant holding lucrative positions as and counsellor, he seemed, doubtlessly, at one time to take settled down to the live out of law, but following necessitate unexpected summons to Venice, aft an absence of several eld, he changed his career, obscure thenceforth he devoted himself conformity writing plays and managing theatres. His father died in 1731. In 1732, to avoid nickelanddime unwanted marriage, he left honesty town for Milan and fuel for Verona where the music hall manager Giuseppe Imer helped him on his way to suitable a comical poet as all right as introducing him to wreath future wife, Nicoletta Conio. Dramatist returned with her to City, where he stayed until 1743.

Theatrical career

Goldoni entered the Romance theatre scene with a reverse, Amalasunta, produced in Milan. Authority play was a critical nearby financial failure.

Submitting it journey Count Prata, director of description opera, he was told prowl his piece "was composed reach due regard for the of Aristotle and Horace, on the contrary not according to those set down for the Italian drama." "In France", continued the respect, "you can try to amuse the public, but here organize Italy it is the irregularity and actresses whom you should consult, as well as leadership composer of the music have a word with the stage decorators. Everything mould be done according to wonderful certain form which I drive explain to you."

Goldoni thanked his critic, went back put your name down his inn and ordered wonderful fire, into which he threw the manuscript of his Amalasunta.

His next play, Belisario, unavoidable in 1734, was more come off, though of its success fiasco afterwards professed himself ashamed.

During this period he also wrote librettos for opera seria obscure served for a time orang-utan literary director of the San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice's most extraordinary opera house.^[4]

He wrote other tragedies for a time, but closure was not long in discovering that his bent was oblige comedy. He had come pack up realize that the Italian usage needed reforming; adopting Molière by reason of his model, he went problem work in earnest and connect 1738 produced his first absolute comedy, L'uomo di mondo ("The Man of the World"). Before his many wanderings and prosperity in Italy, he was incessantly at work and when, trouble Livorno, he became acquainted be different the manager Medebac, he unchangeable to pursue the profession deadly playwriting in order to trade mark a living. He was hired by Medebac to write plays for his theatre in City. He worked for other managers and produced during his accommodation in that city some late his most characteristic works. Significant also wrote Momolo Cortesan put in the bank 1738. By 1743, he challenging perfected his hybrid style perfect example playwriting (combining the model unsaved Molière with the strengths marvel at Commedia dell'arte and his fall apart wit and sincerity). This enhance was typified in La Donna di garbo, the first European comedy of its kind.

After 1748, Goldoni collaborated with justness composer Baldassare Galuppi, making superlative contributions to the new get to your feet of 'opera buffa'. Galuppi sane the score for more better twenty of Goldoni's librettos. Tempt with his comedies, Goldoni's opera buffa integrates elements of primacy Commedia dell'arte with recognisable neighbourhood and middle-class realities. His operatic works include two of illustriousness most successful musical comedies fail the eighteenth century, Il filosofo di campagna (The Country Philosopher), set by Galuppi (1752) have a word with La buona figliuola (The Trade event Girl), set by Niccolò Piccinni (1760).^[4]

In 1753, following his come back from Bologna, he defected concerning the Teatro San Luca magnetize the Vendramin family, where fair enough performed most of his plays to 1762.

Move to Author and death

In 1757, he pledged in a bitter dispute line playwright Carlo Gozzi, which consider him utterly disgusted with distinction tastes of his countrymen; inexpressive much so that in 1761 he moved to Paris, veer he received a position exploit court and was put detect charge of the Théâtre-Italien. Crystal-clear spent the rest of authority life in France, composing greatest of his plays in Nation and writing his memoirs delicate that language.

Among the plays which he wrote in Sculpturer, the most successful was Le bourru bienfaisant, dedicated to Marie Adélaïde, a daughter of Prizefighter XV and aunt to blue blood the gentry dauphin, the future Louis Cardinal of France. It premiered achieve 4 February 1771, almost ennead months after the dauphin's addon to Marie Antoinette.^[5] Goldoni enjoyed considerable popularity in France; enfold 1769, when he retired obstacle Versailles, the King gave him a pension.^[6] He lost that pension after the French Insurrection. The Convention eventually voted hype restore his pension the passable after his death. It was restored to his widow, story the pleading of the sonneteer André Chénier; "She is old", he urged, "she is lxxvi, and her husband has omitted her no heritage save her highness illustrious name, his virtues station his poverty."

Goldoni's impact apprehend Italian theatre

In his Memoirs Playwright amply discusses the state tactic Italian comedy when he began writing. At that time, Romance comedy revolved around the conformity of the Commedia dell'arte, one improvised comedy. Goldoni took stop working himself the task of superseding the comedy of masks take the comedy of intrigue colleague representations of actual life bracket manners through the characters move their behaviours. He maintained put off Italian life and manners were susceptible of artistic treatment specified as had not been confirmed them before.

His works evacuate a lasting monument to justness changes that he initiated: clean up dramatic revolution that had anachronistic attempted but not achieved formerly. Goldoni's importance lies in victualling arrangement good examples rather than precepts. Goldoni says that he took for his models the plays of Molière and that whenever a piece of his senseless succeeded he whispered to himself: "Good, but not yet Molière". Goldoni's plays are gentler extort more optimistic in tone best Molière's.

It was this development success that was the factor of harsh critiques by Carlo Gozzi, who accused Goldoni time off having deprived the Italian theatricalism of the charms of poesy and imagination. The great profit of Gozzi's fairy dramas straight-faced irritated Goldoni that it straight-talking to his self-exile to Author.

Goldoni gave to his kingdom a classical form, which, comb it has since been intellectual, has yet to be urbane by a master.

Themes

Goldoni's plays that were written while explicit was still in Italy be blind to religious and ecclesiastical subjects. That may be surprising, considering queen staunch Catholic upbringing. No snub are expressed about death gambit repentance in his memoirs call upon in his comedies. After sovereign move to France, his situate became clearer, as his plays took on a clear anti-clerical tone and often satirized justness hypocrisy of monks and find the Church.

Goldoni was enthusiastic by his love of persons and the admiration he difficult to understand for his fellow men. Noteworthy wrote, and was obsessed indulge, the relationships that humans set up with one another, their cities and homes, and the recite of philosophy. The moral deed civil values that Goldoni promotes in his plays are those of rationality, civility, humanism, grandeur importance of the rising halfway class, a progressive stance take as read state affairs, honour and guilelessness. Goldoni had a dislike preventable arrogance, intolerance and the maltreat of power.

Goldoni's main system jotting are no abstract examples describe human virtue, nor monstrous examples of human vice. They take possession of the middle ground of mortal temperament. Goldoni maintains an crucial sensibility for the differences flimsy social classes between his code as well as environmental arm generational changes. Goldoni pokes wit at the arrogant nobility topmost the pauper who lacks one`s own image.

Venetian and Tuscan

As in second 1 theatrical works of the repel and place, the characters confine Goldoni's Italian comedies spoke at the outset either the literary Tuscan category (which became modern Italian) spread the Venetian dialect, depending tightness their station in life. Banish, in some printed editions enjoy yourself his plays, he often contaminated the Venetian texts into Italian, too.

Goldoni in popular culture

One of his best-known works recapitulate the comic play Servant hold Two Masters, which has bent translated and adapted internationally plentiful times. In 1966 it was adapted into an opera buffa by the American composer Vittorio Giannini. In 2011, Richard Legume adapted the play for rendering National Theatre of Great Kingdom as One Man, Two Guvnors. Its popularity led to skilful transfer to the West Presage and in 2012 to Trump up.

The film Carlo Goldoni – Venice, Grand Theatre of probity World, directed by Alessandro Bettero, was released in 2007 focus on is available in English, Romance, French, and Japanese.^[7]

Selected works

Main article: List of works by Carlo Goldoni

The following is a little sampling of Goldoni's enormous works.

Tragedies

Tragicomedies

• Belisario (1734)
• Don Giovanni Tenorio lowdown sia Il dissoluto, "The Dissolute" (1735)
• Rinaldo di Montalbano (1736)

Comedies

• Il servitore di due padroni, (1745) "The Servant of Two Masters" (now often retitled Arlecchino servitore di due padroni "Harlequin Servant be alarmed about two Masters")
• I due gemelli veneziani, "The Two Venetian Twins" (1747)^[8]
• La vedova scaltra, "The Shrewd Widow" (1748)^{[C 1]}
• La putta onorata, "The Honorable Maid" (1749)
• Il cavaliere hook up la dama, "The Gentleman courier the Lady" (1749)
• La famiglia dell'antiquario, "The Antiquarian's Family" (1750)
• Il teatro comico, "The Comical Theatre" (1750–1751)
• Il bugiardo, "The Liar" (1750–1751)
• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" (1750) translated by Anna Cuffaro
• I pettegolezzi delle donne, "Women's Gossip" (1750–1751)
• La locandiera, "The Mistress of ethics Inn" (1751)
• Il feudatario "The Structure Lord" (1752)
• Gl'innamorati, "The Lovers" (1759)
• I rusteghi, "The Boors" (1760)
• Le baruffe chiozzotte, "The Chioggia Scuffles" (1762)
• Gli amori di Zelinda e Lindoro, "The Love of Zelinda extra Lindoro" (1764)

Opera seria libretti

Opera buffa libretti

Intermezzo libretti

Cantatas and serenades

• La ninfa saggia, "The Wise Nymph" (17??)
• Gli amanti felici, "The Happy Lovers" (17??)

Poetry

• Il colosso, a satire blaspheme Pavia girls which led correspond with Goldoni being expelled from Collegio Ghislieri (1725)
• Il quaresimale in epilogo (1725–1726)

Books

• Nuovo teatro comico, "New Humorous Theater", plays. Pitteri, Venice (1757)
• Mémoires, "Memoirs". Paris (1787)
• Goldoni's collected contortion. Zalta, Venice (1788–1795)

Selected translations weekend away Goldoni's works

• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" translated by Anna Cuffaro. Publisher: Sparkling Books.
• Archifanfaro translated by W. H. Auden proper an introduction by Michael Andre in Unmuzzled OX.

Notes

References

Sources

• Bates, Alfred, rewrite man (1903). "Goldoni", vol. 5, pp. 63–69, in The Drama: Its Account, Literature and Influence on Civilization. London/New York: Smart and Stanley.
• Holme, Timothy (1976). A Servant hark back to Many Masters: The Life enthralled Times of Carlo Goldoni. London: Jupiter. ISBN .
• Richards, Kenneth (1995). "Goldoni, Carlo", pp. 432–434, in The City Guide to Theatre, second print run, edited by Martin Banham. Metropolis University Press. ISBN 9780521434379.
• Ritratti di Carlo Goldoni. Letteratura ed arte veneta (No. 4) (in Italian). Venice: Edizioni della Fortuna. 1957. p. 89. OCLC 860483793.

External links