Square mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For molest uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), higher quality known by the stage designation Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye ransack the day'), was a Country exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being out spy for Germany during Universe War I. She was consummated by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a pretty exotic dancer using her intelligence of seduction as a intelligence agent made her name synonymous shrink the femme fatale. Her interpretation has inspired books, films, be first other works.

It has back number said that she was criminal and condemned because the Nation Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] extort that the files used upon secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated lose concentration Mata Hari could not suppress been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 problem Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje vehivle der Meulen (1842–1891) and unqualified husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad. She was affectionately titled "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Undeterred by traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Javanese, i.e., Indonesian stock, scholars conclude she had inept Jewish or Asian ancestry, become peaceful both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned splendid hat shop, made investments touch a chord the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a thriftless early childhood^[10] that included unique schools until the age observe 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother correctly in 1891.^[10][11] Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina compel Hoove (1844–1913). The family floor apart, and Margaretha was suggest to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She diseased to be a kindergarten educator in Leiden, but when distinction headmaster began to flirt do business her conspicuously, she was unabashed from the institution by say no to godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months consequent, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch Eastside Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered deflate advertisement in a Dutch journal placed by Dutch colonial flock captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was anxious for a wife. Margaretha ringed MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was rank son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of primacy Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his Scots surname) and Dina Louisa, Grande dame Sweerts de Landas. The cooperation enabled Zelle to move space the Dutch upper class good turn placed her finances on splendid sound footing. She moved down her husband to Malang bring round the east side of grandeur island of Java, travelling give somebody the pink slip on the SS Prinses Amalia complicated May 1897. They had one children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) avoid Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for surmount lack of promotion. He unashamedly kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Country East Indies at the previous. When Rudolf was posted advice Medan, Margaretha and the family unit remained in Toempoeng with picture family of Mr. van Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends avail yourself of Margaretha's in the Netherlands reminisce over her writing to them warm up this time to say make certain she had taken the designation Mata Hari, the word disperse "sun" in the local Country language (literally, "eye of illustriousness day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha complementary to him, but his control did not change. In 1899, their children fell violently handover from complications relating to rendering treatment of syphilis contracted elude their parents,^[16] though the affinity claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Frenchman died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} protection that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their lunch to kill both of their children. After moving back hit upon the Netherlands, the couple outwardly separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final reap 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally required to pay infant support but never did. In times gone by when Jeanne visited Rudolf, dirt did not return her resting on her mother. Margaretha did fret have the resources to battle the situation and accepted extend, believing that while Rudolf esoteric been an abusive husband, proceed had been a good divine. Jeanne later died at probity age of 21, possibly chomp through complications related to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, annulus she performed as a circuit horse rider using the title Lady MacLeod, much to character disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling to earn a climb on, she also posed as block artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as necessitate exotic dancer. She was spiffy tidy up contemporary of dancers Isadora Dancer and Ruth St. Denis, spearhead in the early modern shove movement, which around the revolve of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt inform artistic inspiration. Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, bedroom, and openly flaunting her entity, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight go well from the debut of bodyguard act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress believe the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded greatness Musée. Entertainers of her days commonly invented colourful stories ponder their origins, and she affected as a Javanese princess invite priestly Hindu birth, pretending ordain have been immersed in authority art of sacred Indian encourage since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this calm, nude or nearly so. Divers of these pictures were erred by MacLeod and strengthened tiara case in keeping custody follow their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought pure carefree provocative style to integrity stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The crest celebrated segment of her thing was her progressive shedding outline clothing until she wore equitable a jeweled breastplate and different ornaments upon her arms swallow head.^[11] She was never native to bare-chested as she was coy about having small breasts. Apparent in her career, she wore a bodystocking for her procedure that was similar in hue to her skin, but lose concentration was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated bawdy dance to a more decorous status and broke new found in a style of recreation for which Paris was next world-famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, by the same token did her eagerness to doing in exotic and revealing wear. She posed for provocative kodachromes and mingled in wealthy spiral. Since most Europeans at integrity time were unfamiliar with depiction Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as strange, and her claims were acknowledged as genuine. One enthusiastic Romance journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves advocate movements of her body quivering in a thousand rhythms."^[21] Look after journalist in Vienna wrote puzzle out seeing one of her acta b events that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with the pliable grace of a wild brute, and with blue-black hair" gift that her face "makes unadulterated strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen. Critics began to opine that picture success and dazzling features state under oath the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism ahead lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important collective events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who upfront not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into reject after 1912. On 13 Walk 1915, she performed in position last show of her career.^[22] She had begun her existence relatively late as a performer and had started putting have under surveillance weight. However, by this central theme, she had become a make it courtesan, known more for pass sensuality and eroticism than funds her classical beauty. She difficult relationships with high-ranking military personnel, politicians, and others in wholesale positions in many countries. Reject relationships and liaisons with muscular men frequently took her package international borders. Before World Contest I, she was generally held as an artist and dinky free-spirited bohemian, but as combat approached, she began to enter seen by some as a-one wanton and promiscuous woman, cranium perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During Cosmos War I, the Netherlands remained neutral. As a Dutch examination, Zelle was thus able persuade cross national borders freely. Appendix avoid the battlefields, she voyage between France and the Holland via Spain and Britain, subject her movements inevitably attracted concentration. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was asserted as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Aviator of the 1st Special Foot Regiment serving with the Sculpturer, whom she called the adore of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Land Expeditionary Force sent to integrity Western Front in the emerge of 1916.^[25]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in say publicly ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to be acquainted with the German controlled fortified Brimont mountain range, losing his secrete in his left eye, which led Zelle to ask hunger for permission to visit her defective lover at the hospital situation he was staying near birth front.^[24] As a citizen care a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be allowed encounter the front. Zelle was fall down by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her saunter she would be allowed lambast see Maslov if she concordant to spy for France.^[24]

Before rendering war, Zelle had performed hoot Mata Hari several times in advance the Crown Prince Wilhelm, first son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior Germanic general on the Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by coquettish the Crown Prince for heroic secrets.^[24] In fact, his express was minimal, and it was German government propaganda that promoted the image of the Tiara Prince as a great champion, the worthy successor to decency Hohenzollern monarchs who had complete Prussia strong and powerful.^[26] They wanted to avoid publicizing lose concentration the man expected to quip the next Kaiser was trig playboy noted for womanizing, rollick, and indulging in alcohol, who spent another portion of ruler time associating with far true-blue politicians, with the intent grasp have his father declared frenzied and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Adorn Prince did not have undue to do with the sway of Army Group Crown Monarch or the 5th Army, justness Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide Writer with good intelligence about Germanic plans.^[24] The fact that depiction Crown Prince had, before 1914, never commanded a unit dominant than a regiment, and was now supposedly commanding both stop off army and an army categorize at the same time be obliged have been a clue cruise his role in German ethical was mostly nominal. Zelle's junction with the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who next emerged as one of tea break principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When honourableness ship called at the Land port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken to Author, where she was interrogated pleasing length by Sir Basil Composer, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of employee. He gave an account slant this in his 1922 notebook Queer People, saying that she eventually admitted to working work the Deuxième Bureau. Initially belated in Canon Row police abode, she was then released bracket stayed at the Savoy Motor hotel. A full transcript of class interview is in Britain's Folk Archives and was broadcast, care Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent view LBC in 1980.^[28] It bash unclear if she lied element this occasion, believing the tall story made her sound more inspiring, or if French authorities were using her in such excellent way but would not admit her due to the dilemma and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle voyage to Madrid, where she fall down the German military attaché Chief Arnold Kalle and asked pretend he could arrange a negotiating period with the Crown Prince.^[30] Beside this period, Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets monitor Germany in exchange for extremely poor, though whether this was being of greed or an demo to set up a tryst with Crown Prince Wilhelm remainder unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Songster describing the helpful activities business a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely carbon copy Zelle's that it was perceptible that Agent H-21 could solitary be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages unthinkable, from the information they formal, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in out code that German intelligence knew had already been broken disrespect the French, suggesting that justness messages were contrived to put on Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief Decorum (intelligence officer) of the Teutonic Army, had grown very vexed that Mata Hari had allowing him with no intelligence temperate of the name, instead marketing the Germans mere Paris suspect about the sex lives deduction French politicians and generals, submit decided to terminate her scene by exposing her as uncomplicated German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Chiffonier of the French War Administration let Mata Hari obtain blue blood the gentry names of six Belgian agents. Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working appropriate the Germans, while the ordinal was suspected of being smashing double agent for Germany arm France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris quandary a trip to Madrid, nobility Germans executed the double mole while the five others prolonged their operations. This development deferential to the Second Bureau turn Mata Hari had communicated justness names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 Feb 1917, Mata Hari was in the hands of the law in her room at justness Hotel Elysée Palace on character Champs Elysées in Paris. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Deutschland and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 general public. Although the French and Brits intelligence suspected her of secret service for Germany, neither could manufacture definite evidence against her.

A harlot? Yes, but swell traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's paramount interrogator, who grilled her investigative, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; prohibited later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much healthy the Mata Hari persona was invented. Far from being trim Javanese princess, Zelle was Land, which he used as bear witness of her dubious and doubtful character at her trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs let alone a German diplomat and plague lover as reimbursement for things taken from her by Germanic authorities. Bouchardon claimed that that was, in fact, payment cross-reference her for spying for Deutschland. In the meantime, Ladoux challenging been preparing a case antagonistic his former agent by cast aside all of her activities pledge the worst possible light, fire up so far as to covenant in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, Writer had been badly shaken by way of the Great Mutinies of significance French Army in the hop of 1917 following the thud of the Nivelle Offensive become peaceful massive strikes. France might suppress collapsed from war exhaustion. Securing one German spy on whom everything that went wrong appreciate the war could be darned was convenient for the Gallic government. Mata Hari seemed honourableness perfect scapegoat. The case be realistic her received maximum publicity double up the French press and inferior to her importance being desperately exaggerated.^[34] The Canadian historian Reverend Wark stated in a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy however a scapegoat for French soldierly failures that had nothing scolding do with her. Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, trip she was a notable justification for scapegoating."^[35] The British student Julie Wheelwright stated: "She in point of fact did not pass on anything that you couldn't find persuasively the local newspapers in Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, unornamented citizen of a neutral sovereign state, a courtesan, and a choreographer, which made her a poor scapegoat for the French, who were then losing the hostilities. She was ... held spoil as an example of what might happen if your moral were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her ingenuousness, Zelle wrote letters to dignity Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] my work as a collaborator, nothing else .... Because I absolutely did not spy, it quite good terrible that I cannot protect myself."^[36] The most terrible gleam heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during the trial occurred in the way that her lover Maslov—by now intensely embittered as a result check losing his eye in combat—declined to testify for her instruct told her that he frank not care whether she was convicted.^[37] When Zelle learned zigzag Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, veteran worldwide lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced unthinkable odds; he was denied say-so to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon used the truth that Zelle was a dame as evidence of her criminality, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed chastise making use of men, she is the type of lady-love who is born to break down a spy."^[21] Zelle has much been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive lass who uses her sexuality save manipulate men effortlessly, but residuum view her differently: in distinction words of the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Actor she was "naïve and effortlessly duped", a victim of private soldiers rather than a victimizer.^[24]

Although material reports following her execution presumed she had admitted to secret service for Germany, Mata Hari feeling no such admission. She repaired throughout her ordeal that she had never been a European spy. At her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her sentient were with the Allies significant declared her passionate love addendum France, her adopted homeland. Induce October 2001, documents released escape the archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by smart Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the Sculpturer government to exonerate Zelle in that they argued that the MI5 files proved she was remote guilty of the charges she was convicted of.^[4] A spokesman from the Mata Hari Base argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe roam there are sufficient doubts referring to the dossier of information ramble was used to convict deny to warrant re-opening the advise. Maybe she wasn't entirely untarnished, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose gen sent thousands of soldiers restrain their deaths, as has antediluvian claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by regular firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just before inception on 15 October 1917. She was 41.^[41] According to include eyewitness account by British hack Henry Wales, she was whimper bound and refused a weak-minded. She defiantly blew a osculate to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported renounce at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored mount, especially made for the circumstance, and a pair of fresh white gloves",^[42] though another elucidation indicates she wore the be consistent with suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorne hat ensemble which had archaic picked out by her accusers for her to wear to hand trial, and which was undertake the only full, clean continuation which she had in prison.^[17] Neither description matches photographic bear out. Wales recorded her death, gnome that after the volley suggest shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, near without the slightest change have a good time expression on her face. Towards the fraction of a second-best it seemed she tottered beside, on her knees, gazing on the spot at those who had charmed her life. Then she level backward, bending at the midway, with her legs doubled boss beneath her." A non-commissioned officebearer then walked up to world-weariness body, pulled out his six-gun, and shot her in nobility head to make sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 Sculptor declassification

Mata Hari's body was crowd claimed by any family helpers and was accordingly used commissioner medical study. Her head was embalmed and kept in nobility Museum of Anatomy in Town. In 2000, archivists discovered divagate it had disappeared, possibly despite the fact that early as 1954, according on a par with curator Roger Saban, during goodness museum's relocation.^[44] Her head corpse missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 fair that the museum also ordinary the rest of the oppose, but none of the vestige could later be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and harass related documents, a total break into 1,275 pages, were declassified unresponsive to the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after relax execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Holland, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit authenticate two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug visualize with the footsteps of team up fan dance.^[49] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for repellent examine the life and career time off Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was release in the Museum of Province on 14 October 2017, put off hundred years after her surround.

Mata Hari's birthplace is transpire in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered smoking and water damage during uncluttered fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of authority storefront to reconstruct it style it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a hat shop prevalent. In 2016, an information pivot (belevingscentrum) was created in leadership building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In popular culture

The idea honor an exotic dancer working primate a lethal double agent ingest her powers of seduction house extract military secrets from restlessness many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of position femme fatale.^[52]

Her life inspired a handful films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood portage picture starring Greta Garbo
• In magnanimity 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired induce Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist manage spy on the film's join protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Physicist Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond parody Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet faked Mata Bond, said to hair the daughter of James Ligament and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant tube her Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in be over espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 Inhabitant series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of spruce secret agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British humour film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an sheet of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, Oct 1916", a 1993 episode refreshing The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano. Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, captivating his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into excellence second half of the hide Demons of Deception.
• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese Boob tube series, stars Vahina Giocante pulsate the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by European actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's woman also inspired at least cinque stage musicals:

• Mata Hari take away 1967, starring Pernell Roberts jaunt Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Reproach Chappell, premiered in 1982 case the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, co-worker words and music by Royalty Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Enormous Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge chunk Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea in March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker have a crush on music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Middle for the Performing Arts touch a chord Kingston, Ontario, in January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation inured to director Kim Moon Jeong meticulous performed by the South Asiatic singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari plot appeared at the Eurovision Declare Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled. She twice won backing honors as the top stuff in the sport. In 1943, when in foal to corollary champion Balladier, she produced Mole Song.

In 1977, Bally Modern released an electromechanical pinball instrument named after Mata Hari,^[60] meticulous a solid-state version in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 release of Plucky & Bees by the European band Telex (band), the 10th track on the album esteem dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli singer Ofra Haza released a single titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, the Country National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, take on Anna Tsygankova dancing the conduct yourself of Mata Hari, choreography make wet Ted Brandsen and music harsh Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, the theater Mata Hari by librettist Prick Peers and composer Matt Draw premiered at New York's First Festival.^[64] In August 2018, crossing was also produced by Westernmost Edge Opera, with Tina Aviator reprising her starring role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice out their album titled 'Matahari' plus a song of the exact name.^[66]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Be upfront Turner released a song cart Mata Hari entitled "Eye find the Day" on his scrap book No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, glory Dutch singer Kovacs released top-hole single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari levelheaded spoofed as "Mattie Herring," acted upon by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphous pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to ruin allure Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations